Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Example

Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Musculoskeletal Physiology Be familiar with bones and muscles of body 3 types of muscle skeletal, smooth, cardiac attaches muscle to bone, decreasing angle of Joints during contraction proximal part of esophagi doesnt connect to bone, proximal (upper) conscious control is primary skeletal, distal is involuntary and smooth muscle T- tubules: inside is SEC, deep investigations of plasma membrane in muscle cell PM is sarcoma allows high concentration of Ca, like other CE spaces (ICC Is low) Ca floods into cell through T-tubules at uniform and fast rate Ca signals contraction Triads t tubes with ceroplastic respectful (also high In Ca) on each side, SIR Is resolve for Ca Ca comes In from SIR T-tubule Motor unit Neuromuscular Junction 22. 1. Skeletal muscles are all innervated by somatic nerves, conscious control Neuron goes directly to the muscle and innervated it Motor unit is a single axon and all the muscle fibers it innervates Short distance from terminal of axon and muscle fiber, d/t ACH dumped Into synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on skeletal muscle, when Ach withdrawn muscle relaxes Nerve Impulse down axon, when hits the Exxon terminus It causes a voltage gated Ca channel to pen, wave of depopulation causes Ca to come Into cell (Ca tells cells to do what It does best) and axon terminus releases Its neurotransmitters. ACH) ACH vesicle fuses with plasma membrane, what was inside the vesicle Is now outside the cell, ACH drifts across synaptic cleft to bind to an ACH channel, when 2 Aches bind the channel opens, this allows An to move into the muscle fiber. An wants to go into cell anyways (+ inside). An floods into cell causing muscle fiber to deplorable, causing voltage gated An channel causing further deportation. Ultimately causing voltage dated Ca channel on a T-tubule to open, then Ca flows into cytoplasm from SIR. Rapid influx of Ca throughout muscle cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ca channels: 1) Voltage gated Ca channel also called: DIP receptors, on T tubule, open d/t deportation of sarcoma. 2) Ca induced Ca channels = reloading channels which are on the SIR and open In response to DIP receptors allowing Ca to come In from SIR. During popularization the Ca gets pumped back Into SIR to Walt for next deportation Muscle Contraction 22. 1. 3 Acting: globular protein thats forms together to make a filament Transmission: small sections that form together and bind to acting at specific place. @ rest covers myosin binding site Trooping: bound to tromping. Parts, l: Ignore C: binds to Ca when it comes into cell T: binds to tromping. When Ca binds to trooping, causes trooping to move tromping exposing the myosin binding site Myosin can now bind to acting, muscle contracts 4 steps to muscle contraction 1 . Myosin head bind to acting filament that has been uncovered, causing release of Phosphate 2. Head of bound myosin flicks, moves one acting globulin, this is the powe r stroke 3. TAP binds to acting head, allowing release of, requires and TAP 4. TAP is hydroxide and head is repositioned As long as Ca is available this will occur. If muscle runs out of TAP = release cant happen = rigor Morris Muscle Fiber Types, Injury Repair 22. 1. 4 Slow oxidative Type 1 more TAP is hydrazine in reposition stage, happens slow high fatigue resistance, lots of oxidative compatibility, aerobic makes TAP as needs it more mitochondria b/c it needs it more myosin RED dark meat (legs walk a lot) doesnt need to store a lot of glycogen smaller and weaker fibers recruit these smaller motor units first Fast oxidative Type AAA Fast glaciology Type b less TAP is hydrazine in reposition stage, happens fast (lox faster) low fatigue resistance, slow oxidative compatibility, anaerobic, blows through TAP fast few mitochondria few capillaries and myosin WHITE breast (wings- seldom) high glycogen content (glycoside) larger and stronger recruit these larger motor units less often Denigrate and innervate (spinal cord injury) other axons will re-innervate those that have been devastated, less fine control Karri poison dart frog Blocks ACH receptor, powerful neuromuscular blockade Colostomies Botulism Causes ACH vesicles to not fuse with PM bottom paralyze muscles, half life is a month or so Colostomies Tennis EXCESSIVE release of ACH, muscle tenses, EX: lock Jaw Mechanical Disorders of the Bone 23. 1. 2 Arthritis- Osteoarthritis Gout Bursitis inflammation of bursa Bone Cancer 1% Dislocation movement of bone out of normal position, no tendon injury Sprains injury to Joint that involves ligament damage Strain occurs to muscles or tendons Fractures Oblique: oblique angle Occult: difficult to visualize, neck of femur Open: skin has been penetrated Pathologic: secondary to another disease EX: CA Segmented: broken into multiple pieces Spiral: oblique angle but spirals, result of twisting force Transverse: straight across Cricketing: cortex is only broken on one side, break doesnt go all the way through Impacted: two ends impacted, pushed one end into other Repair: Casts, external fixation may be needed so pin goes through bone (ankles holds tarsal anchored to tibia) Syphilis- compression fractures, older woman, hump Loriss pregnant women, wet pulls lumbar vertebrae forward increase curvature Scoliosis teenage girls, S-shaped back Treatment: surgery to place intertribal rods Osteoporosis 23. . 3 Osteoporosis loss of bone mass, traceable bone (spongy bone) lots in vertebrates Thinner cortex Estonian: precursor to osteoporosis, some bone loss Women affects men less 1. Men have larger bone mass to begin with 2. Menopause increases rate of bone loss 3. Men die younger, dont have a chance to loss the bone Males continue to produce bone at almost same rate as it is being reabsorbed Descant: X-rays through bone to see attenuation of bones,

On The QT

On The QT On The QT On The QT By Sharon Opinions are divided on the origin of the expression on the QT, a slang expression which indicates that the subject under discussion is confidential. Most people agree that its simply an abbreviation of quiet, albeit a strange one, using the first and last letters. However, both the US and the UK claim first ownership of this phrase. US wordsmiths cite that countrys love of abbreviations, as evidenced by OK, PDQ and others, as evidence that on the QT fell into this tradition. The British claim comes via Robert Hendrickson, in The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Hendrickson says that on the QT comes from a British ballad in 1870. However, this has been disputed as he provided no evidence for the claim. Back in the US, the Cambridge Jeffersonian of Ohio is reported to have published a vaudeville song from 1879 with the line: She tipples on the strict QT. George Moores A Mummers Wife seems to be the first place that the phrase appears in print. This was published in 1884. The phrase fell out of regular use for a while, then became popular once again as part of the tagline for LA Confidential in 1997: off the record, on the QT and very hush-hush. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsPeople vs. Persons

Outermost Layer of the Earth essays

Outermost Layer of the Earth essays The crust is the outermost layer of Earth, it covers the entire planet. The crust floats on top of the molten mantle. There are two types of crust, the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is part of the Earths crust that covers the ocean basins. Its made up of dark-colored rocks made up of basalt. Basalt is a rock that is made up of silicon, oxygen, and magnesium. The density of the oceanic crust is about 3.0 g/cm3. The continental crust has a lower density. The difference in densities allows many normal phenomenons to occur on and below the surface of the Earth. The oceanic crust floats on top of the mantle. The continental crust covers 40% of the Earths surface. It is made up of granite rock. This rock is filled with aluminum, silicon and oxygen. The continental crust is less dense than the oceanic crust. It has a value of 2.6 g/cm3. The continents stay in place due to the difference in densities in magma between the oceanic crust and the continental crust. T he continental crust flows much more freely on the magma. With this said a lot of people wonder how does Hawaii still exist? The answer to that is because the volcanic sea mounts in the Pacific Ocean peek their heads above sea level and continue to grow. Hawaiian islands are still growing because the Hawaiian Islands are volcanic in origin. Each island is made up of at least one volcano. Hawaii is made up of five major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Hualalai and Kohala. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on Earth. Kilauea is currently one of the most productive volcanoes on Earth, in terms of how much lava is produced each year. In general, when you move along the island chain from East to West, the volcanoes become older and older. The two volcanoes that make up Oahu have not erupted for over a million years. The way the islands are built on the moving sea floor of the North Pacific Ocean determine th ...

Screening Report - Osama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Screening Report - Osama - Essay Example In days when the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan, Barmak, who headed the country’s ministry of film, was forced to flee Afghanistan, to Pakistan, where he lived until the Americans post 9/11 arrival and ousting of the terrorist regime.1 It is the director’s own personal history that is perhaps featured in the opening documentary-type moments of the film when a documentary filmmaker’s equipment is confiscated and the filmmaker is later executed.2 This particular scene serves as Barmak’s statement on creative censorship. Barmak knows what it is to be an exile from his country, to have fled in fear for his life, and to have witnessed the refugee camps where countless women and children, displaced from Afghanistan’s long history of war and turmoil, spend endless days and even years in the most horrific conditions of human existence.3 In fact, the Taliban, the terrorists who terrorize women and children in Barmak’s film, are themselves for the most part the product of Afghanistan’s war torn history and history of refugee camps. The members of the Taliban are largely the children of refugee camps during the past 20 years of war in that country.4 It is, then, no wonder that these men, having grown up in the horrors of the refugee camps, so aptly depicted in Barmak’s film, turned into monsters who turned to fundamentalism, just as their own lives had been extremes, and inflicted upon the people around them such pain and misery. This is an emotionally and politically charged film with themes that converge on a single issue of human rights versus the theocratic Islamic state. Very early in the film the theme of gender is introduced to the audience. Gender, male and female, is a dominant theme of the picture, as are family, the philosophy of faith and war, and especially the psychological impact of faith and war on the individual. Each of these themes are so important to the film that

Early Years Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Early Years Education - Essay Example Indeed, the environment plays an important role in the way by which students inculcate and integrate data into their daily lives. The environment has also been cited by numerous researches and studies as a vital part of education, affecting the manner by which information is delivered to the recipient, and how the recipient actually receives the data (Tiller and Huston 2002: 337). In relation, this paper will then look into the role played by the environment in education. More specifically, this paper will explore the effect of different environments on the education of individuals during the early formative years. This will be done by analysing an article published in the European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. The said article provides a detailed report of the study by Canning, entitled â€Å"The influence of the outdoor environment: den-making in three different contexts† (2010: 555). The said study explored den-making in three different environments or setting s in the United Kingdom. In the process of looking into the role played by the environment in education, this paper will first present a brief discussion on the search strategy used to find the chosen article for review. Afterwards, a more detailed overview of the aforementioned article will be conducted, followed by a critical analysis of the research contained in the article. This paper will then present this author’s different reflections on the learnings derived from the article. Finally, this paper will provide recommendations or suggested changes for the setting of education during the Early Years Foundation Stage. Range of Search Strategies This assignment called for the conduction of a research that explores different articles and resources detailing concepts involving equal opportunities in teaching and learning, or those involving play. Various search strategies were employed during the search for the appropriate article for review. First of all, a visit to the scho ol library was conducted, so as to help me have a â€Å"feel† for the topic being discussed. Numerous books and journals were available for reading, and as a result, I initially had a large number of resources from which to choose. However, choosing then became the tricky task so I reverted to ICT strategies, believing that the computer’s natural filtering abilities can help me narrow down the search. Thankfully, the said filtering capacities of search engines helped me to find articles in various databases for scholarly journals. Some databases employed during the search include Education Research Complete, ERIC database, and ProQuest Education Research Journals. The search for journals involving the provided topic yielded around thousand results, but filtering led to only around eight suitable articles. From these, the article detailed in the introduction of this paper was then chosen for review. Overview of the Research The study by Canning (2010) involves a small-s cale research that looked into den-making practices of three different settings in UK, as well as the effectiveness of the formed dens in educating students in their early years of development. The study involved a narrative and non-participant observation of the subjects in the said dens. The subjects of the study involved children aged three to five years, as well as their educators practicing early years education, and who were

Firm Creation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Firm Creation - Assignment Example I was also responsible in finding and assembling the present team who like me are averse to working under others. I will be an active partner who will be responsible for marketing and sales of our skills. Brian: Brian will be the core person in the team since he is the only one at present with the technical qualification needed in our business. He is certified by the Professional Aviation Maintenance Association (PAMA) in non-destructive testing of airframes. He is also a qualified Six Sigma specialist in addition to taking a four year course at a business school and two year course in mechanical engineering. He is a willing team player, is very organized and willing to innovate and improve processes. He is also familiar with CAD and other basic computer applications. Shelley: In terms of qualification, Shelley is the odd person out in our team. She is a qualified medical assistant but is willing to take the administrative responsibilities of our firm. She is also a team player and is motivated enough to take on responsibilities. She has basic computer skill and working knowledge certain MS Office applications. Nikki: Nikki is a born leader and will act as the managing partner of our firm. ... Each of these needs to comply with safety regulations formulated by the Federal Aviation Administration and it includes airframe safety also. Accidents and subsequent rescue efforts are also a concern. New digital distress beacons called Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT) are now available that can locate the name, owner, location and type of aircraft with the help of satellites in case of a crash. But the equipment is costly and owners are reluctant to fit their planes with one. "More than 85% of private planes do not carry the improved beacons even as the government prepares to stop listening Feb. 1 for distress calls from the older, outdated beacons installed on most aircraft." (Levin, 2009). Services provided by SafeAir Consultants: SafeAir Consultancy can provide airworthiness certification with regard to airframes using non-destructive testing methods. Individual owners can be contacted for the purpose of building a client base. SafeAir can act also as a consultant and dealer in motivating owners to use the new ELTs. Their pilots and maintenance staff can also be educated about the usefulness of the ELTs. Skill profiles and suitability for the job: Building a client base can be quite tough for a new business venture. The leadership skills of Nikki and his organizational ability will be very useful in motivating other team members and other marketing staff. His high spiritedness shows an ambitious mind which is essential for any businessman who wants to achieve high growth. Shelley is also a team player and will fit in well as an administrator. She also appears to be an ethical and honest person which is very essential since handling finance is one of her responsibilities. As a family

American Constitution Law 4 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Constitution Law 4 paper - Essay Example In his appeal the appellant argued that the state of Illinois was under a duty to provide him with a trial counsel at his expense as dictated by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Illinois intermediate appellate court affirmed the conviction by the Circuit Court. The Supreme Court of the state of Illinois also rejected the appellant’s argument and stated that it wasn’t obligated to extend its decision in Argersinger v Hamlin (1972) to the case. Although the appellant was charged with an offense for which imprisonment was authorized upon conviction, the appellant had only been fined $50 instead of imprisonment. Judgment: the appellant further lodged his appeal in the Supreme Court of United States. In its judgment the court affirmed the Supreme Court of Illinois’ decision that the Constitution of the United States of America did not require the Circuit Court of Cook County to appoint a state counsel for the petitioner (Scott). Holding (Justice Rehnquist): No: The sixth and fourteenth Amendments only stipulate that no defendant can be sentenced to imprisonment unless he has been accorded the right to appointment of a counsel to defend him by the state. The appellant’s liberty was not at stake in this case because the state court had preferred the less severe sanction of imposing a fine to the severe one imprisonment so the appointment of a counsel was not necessary. Rule of law: The sixth and fourteenth Amendments only stipulate that no defendant can be sentenced to imprisonment unless he has been accorded the right to appointment of a counsel to defend him by the state. Concurring (Justice Powell): Held that it was important for the federal Supreme Court to provide a clear guidance to the many courts in all parts of the country that confronted the problem of legal representation